Four words worth
keeping around.

RootsFrom French appris, past participle of apprendre, “to learn,” ultimately from Latin apprehendere, “to grasp.”

NuanceApprise someone of a change; appraise a proposal to assess its value. The words are not interchangeable. Slightly more formal than inform.

“Keep me apprised of any changes to the launch timeline, especially anything that affects support.”

RootsFrom Old French enjoindre, from Latin iniungere, “to impose or attach,” combining in- with iungere, “to join.”

NuanceNot inherently a prohibition: enjoin someone to act means direct them to act, while enjoin someone from acting means prohibit it. Legal context often supplies the latter sense.

“The court enjoined the vendor from using the disputed customer data.”

RootsLatin for “reduction to the absurd.”

NuanceThe consequence must follow from the claim, not from a distorted version of it. In formal logic, a contradiction establishes the proof; mere implausibility is weaker.

“As a reductio ad absurdum, if fewer deployments always meant less risk, the safest engineering team would never ship anything.”

RootsFrom Italian brio, “vivacity or spirit”; familiar in the musical direction con brio, “with vigor.”

NuanceDescribes the vitality of the execution, not necessarily its quality or originality. Usually used in “with brio”; more appreciative and specific than simply loud or fast.

“The band played that old funk tune with enough brio to make it feel new again.”